Emulsion Polymerization Using Switchable Surfactants: A Route Towards Water Redispersable Latexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Colloidal latexes of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) have been prepared by emulsion polymerization using amidine‐based switchable surfactants. Particles with sizes ranging from 50 nm to 350 nm were obtained. Destabilization of the latexes requires only air and heat which destabilize the latex by removing CO2 from the system. The resulting micron sized particles can be easily filtered to yield a dry polymer powder and a clear aqueous phase. We have also developed a new benign means of reversibly coagulating anionic latexes by using “switchable water”, an aqueous solution of switchable ionic strength. The addition of CO2 and switchable water to an anionic latex can result in aggregation of the latex. Subsequent removal of CO2 by sparging with air allows the aggregated latex to be redispersed and recovered in its original state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".