Sodium Transport in the Choroid Plexus and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To elucidate the role of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in Na(+) transport by the choroid plexus, we studied ENaC expression and Na(+) transport in the choroid plexus. Lateral ventricle choroid plexuses were obtained from young male Wistar, Dahl salt-resistant (SS.BN13), and Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/MCW) rats on a regular (0.3%) or high- (8.0%) salt diet. The effects of ENaC blocker benzamil and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase blocker ouabain on sodium transport were evaluated by measuring the amounts of retained (22)Na(+) and by evaluating intracellular [Na(+)] with Sodium Green fluorescence. In Wistar rats, ENaC distribution was as follows: microvilli, 10% to 30%; cytoplasm, 60% to 80%; and basolateral membrane, 5% to 10%. Benzamil (10(-8) m) decreased (22)Na(+) retention by 20% and ouabain (10(-3) m) increased retention by 40%, whereas ouabain and benzamil combined caused no change. Similar changes were noted in intracellular [Na(+)]. In Dahl rats on a regular salt diet, intracellular [Na(+)] was similar, but the amount of retained (22)Na(+) was less in sensitive versus resistant rats. High salt did not affect ENaC mRNA or protein, nor the benzamil induced decreases in retained (22)Na(+) or intracellular [Na(+)] in either strain. However, high salt increased intracellular [Na(+)] and attenuated the increase in uptake of (22)Na(+) by ouabain in resistant but not sensitive rats, suggesting a decrease in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity only in resistant rats. These findings suggest that both ENaC and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase regulate Na(+) transport in the choroid plexus. Aberrant regulation of Na(+) transport and of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, but not of ENaCs, might contribute to the increase in cerebrospinal fluid [Na(+)] in Dahl salt-sensitive rats on a high-salt diet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".