An experimental study into local scour in a channel caused by a 90° bend
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on a series of experiments, this paper explores the influence of a 90° change in flow direction on local scouring. The influence on local scour patterns due to hydraulic parameters such as the Froude number, the slope of the protection wall, the width of the protection apron along the outside wall of the downstream section, and the grain size of the channel bed material is examined. Protection-wall slopes ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:4 (vertical to horizontal) were investigated, as were different widths of the protection apron; the goal was to ascertain the role of these variables in local scour patterns in the vicinity of the bend. The factors affecting local scour depth are related through empirical equations to key hydraulic variables, the slope of the protection wall, and the width of the protection apron.Key words: bent flume, channel erosion, Froude number, scour depth, slope of protection wall (SPW), width of protection apron (WPA).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".