Dependence on Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity of the IFT and Relative Permeability Displacement Characteristics of CO2 Injected in Deep Saline Aquifers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is a means with great potential for reducing emissions of this greenhouse gas produced from a wide range of industrial operations. The displacement characteristics of CO2 injected into deep saline aquifers are essential in that they control both the migration of CO2 and the available pore space in the reservoir at irreducible saturation conditions, yet very little information exists about these characteristics. This paper presents continuing results of a research study conducted by the authors to investigate the displacement characteristics of CO2-brine systems at reservoir conditions for cases specific to the Alberta basin and representative for intracratonic and foreland basins in North America. More specifically, the work reported here focuses on a controlled series of tests in which the effects of temperature, pressure and brine salinity were varied in a systematic manner to identify and quantify their effect on the interfacial tension between CO2 and equilibrium brine. The results indicate that the CO2-brine IFT decreases with increasing pressure, while increasing temperature and brine salinity have an opposite effect. These results were then extended under similar controlled conditions to consolidated porous media to investigate the effect of interfacial tension, as impacted by specific reservoir conditions of temperature, pressure and salinity, on the relative permeability character of CO2 displacing brine for a number of different interfacial tension conditions. The results are presented, and the significance with respect to the feasibility and optimization of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it