Adrenal Injuries and Incidentalomas in Trauma Patients at an Urban Trauma Centre
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Trauma patients are frequently evaluated by abdominal computed tomography. The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas is 4% of the general population, increasing with age. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and follow-up of adrenal lesions in an adult trauma centre. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all trauma admissions to an urban trauma centre in Melbourne, Australia between August 2000 and October 2009 with a discharge diagnosis including adrenal injury, mass, or adenoma. Results: From August 2000 through October 2009, there were 45,576 patients admitted to the Alfred Hospital Trauma Unit, 142 (0.31%) patients had adrenal injuries and 26 (0.06%) patients had adrenal incidentalomas. Of the patients with adrenal injuries, the male-to-female ratio was 3:1. Blunt trauma was responsible in 99% of patients. Right-sided injuries were commoner (73%). Left-sided lesions were present in 19%, and bilateral injuries in 5% (P < 0.0001). Adrenal injury was identified as haemorrhage or haematoma in 95%. In the adrenal injury group, there was the 13% mortality. Follow-up imaging was not performed in 50% of patients; while another 30% only had imaging within 2 weeks, while still hospitalised. Of the 26 patients with incidentalomas, the male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1. All were blunt trauma patients, 69% of identified masses were left-sided lesions, 23% right-sided, and 7.7% were bilateral. Repeat imaging was obtained in 58% of patients, while the remainder was lost to follow-up. Biochemical investigations were performed in 54%. One patient had phaeochromocytoma, and 13 patients had benign incidentalomas. Three patients underwent adrenalectomy: one at the time of trauma laparotomy (benign cortical adenoma); one 5 months post-trauma (phaeochromocytoma); and the final patient 3 months post-trauma (benign vascular epithelial cyst). Conclusions: With increased use of abdominal CT in the evaluation of trauma patients, adrenal lesions are increasingly likely to be found. Follow-up of these lesions in this series has been variable. The development of a protocol for adrenal lesions in trauma patients may improve follow-up care. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/ jcs108w
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it