Study on the preparation of activated carbon for direct carbon fuel cell with oak sawdust
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a device, which converts chemical energy of carbon into electrical energy through electrochemical oxidisation directly and its performance enormously depends on the characteristics of the fuel used. In this study, oak sawdust is used to prepare the activated carbon for the DCFC, with K 2 CO 3 as the activating agent. Nickel catalyst is applied to improve the electrical conductivity, while HNO 3 treatment is used for the purpose of surface modification and ash removal. The performance of the prepared activated carbon in DCFC is evaluated in a self‐built DCFC anode apparatus. The results show that the BET surface area of activated carbon reaches 1240 m 2 /g under the following conditions: activation temperature, 1173 K; activation time, 2 h; and impregnation ratio, 1. Electrical conductivity is well improved through the nickel catalyst while the amount of surface oxygen functional groups is increased and ash content is decreased through the HNO 3 treatment. When used as the fuel in the DCFC anode, the self‐made activated carbon exhibits predominant performance among all tested carbon fuels, including graphite, activated carbon fibre, etc. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".