In vivo optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy using glancing angle-deposited nanostructured Fabry–Perot etalons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this Letter, reflection-mode optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) using glancing angle-deposited (GLAD) nanostructured Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) for in vivo applications is reported. GLAD is a single-step physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used to fabricate porous nanostructured thin films. Using titanium dioxide, a transparent semiconductor with a high refractive index (n=2.4), the GLAD technique can be employed to fabricate samples with tailored nano-porosity, refractive index periodicities, and high Q-factor reflectance spectra. The OR-PAM in vivo images of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 5-day chicken embryo model are demonstrated. The phantom study shows lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio better than 7 μm and 35 dB, respectively. The sensitive GLAD FPI allows photoacoustic imaging down to a few-nJ pulse energy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a FPI-based reflection mode optical resolution photoacoustic imaging technique is demonstrated for in vivo applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".