Effect of foliar fungicide application timing on the control of bean anthracnose in the navy bean ‘Navigator’
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bean anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, can severely reduce bean yield and seed quality. A 2-year field study at two sites in southern Manitoba examined the effect of the timing of foliar applications of the fungicide pyraclostrobin (Headline® 250 EC) on the control of bean anthracnose in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) ‘Navigator’. Single and (or) sequential applications of pyraclostrobin at a rate of 0.1 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha were made at four growth stages. Single applications of pyraclostrobin, at either 3 to 5 trifoliolate leave stage, early flowering (40% bloom), late flowering (80% bloom), or 10 days after flowering, reduced disease development in the crop canopy, but had inconsistent effects on pod infection, seed discoloration, and yield. Sequential applications of pyraclostrobin at the early and late flowering stages usually resulted in the lowest disease severity on all parts of the plant and in the highest yield. Sequential applications of pyraclostrobin at the late flowering stage and 10 days after flowering were less effective in reducing anthracnose severity and seed discoloration than the earlier sequentialapplication treatment. Both sequential-application treatments of pyraclostrobin had similar yields. Under Manitoba growing conditions, seed-borne infection by C. lindemuthianum resulted in yield reductions that ranged from 15.2% to 32.1% in the untreated bean plots.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".