Moment and moment magnitude of seismic events located by stacking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Determination of moment and moment magnitude for seismic events located by stacking has been an unsolved problem because current methodologies cannot be applied. To solve this problem, we have developed a methodology for moment magnitude Mw estimation of (micro) seismic events. Our method was designed for stacking waveforms. We found that magnitude can be determined from the stack of amplitudes corrected for radiation pattern and propagation effects such as geometric spreading, attenuation, and free-surface boundary. From the stack of corrected waveforms, we found the low-frequency limit corresponding to the stack of particle displacement and calculated seismic moment. We found that an unstacked method of estimating moment magnitude on each trace and averaging these estimates was consistent with the method we developed although it was limited to higher magnitude events and more sensitive to noise. We benchmarked our methodology with a case study and found improvement in Mw estimation resulting in determination of magnitude for weaker events when unstacked methodology cannot be used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".