Novel perspectives in sexual lability through gonadal biopsy in larval sea lampreys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gonadal biopsies of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus larvae (118·5–142·5 mm) were examined quantitatively and categorized as ovaries, presumptive testes, or atypical gonads. Subsets of larvae were then killed 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 52 weeks following surgery at which time each larva was matched with its biopsy, and its gonad re–examined for quantifiable changes in composition. During 52 weeks, oocyte diameters increased significantly while numbers of oocytes per unit area significantly declined. Germ cell numbers remained within the range of typical presumptive testes. Overall abundance of typical ovaries decreased over the course of the experiment, whereas the number of presumptive testes increased. This was a direct result of presumptive testis development from atypical gonads, oocyte atresia and sex reversal. The results suggest an argument for environmental sex determination in lampreys, while indicating that they remain sexually labile throughout most of the larval period, despite primary differentiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".