Low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy of the relaxor ferroelectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PbTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complex dielectric permittivity $(\ensuremath{\varepsilon}={\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}i{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}^{\ensuremath{''}})$ of relaxor ferroelectric $0.75\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}\ensuremath{-}0.25{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ ceramics with perovskite-type structure is studied in the frequency range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}--{10}^{5}\mathrm{Hz}$ as a function of temperature. The dielectric response in the temperature range of the diffused $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}(T)$ peak is determined by contributions from two different polarization mechanisms: ``universal relaxor polarization'' and ``conventional relaxor polarization.'' The overlapping dielectric responses related to these two polarization mechanisms are separated from each other and studied individually. The conventional relaxor polarization shows Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts relaxation behavior with a temperature-independent spectral shape and a non-Arrhenius (linear) temperature dependence of the logarithm of the most probable relaxation frequency. The universal response is characterized by the susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{U}$ continuously growing (without any loss peak) with decreasing frequency according to the universal relaxation law ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{U}\ensuremath{\propto}{f}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The real part of the universal relaxor susceptibility shows a critical behavior ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{U}^{\ensuremath{'}}{=C}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{0}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ at $T>{T}_{0},$ starting from a temperature several degrees above ${T}_{0}.$ The parameters ${C}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}$ and ${T}_{0}$ slightly depend on frequency according to fractional power relations. We show that it is the universal relaxor dispersion, not the conventional relaxor dispersion, that is related to the freezing of dipole dynamics which is characteristic of relaxor ferroelectrics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.018 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.981 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".