Acquisition of Sociolinguistic Variants by French Immersion Students: The Case of Restrictive Expressions, and More
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article investigates the learning of sociostylistic variation by students in French immersion programs in Ontario. It is primarily focused on their learning of the 4 expressions of restriction, ne . . . que , seulement , rien que , and juste , all meaning ‘only.’ Compared with Canadian Francophones, we found the students’ range of variants to be narrower. They used only 2 variants, seulement and juste . Also, the frequency of their use of these variants was affected by a number of extralinguistic and linguistic parameters (e.g., amount of extracurricular exposure to native Canadian French usage, languages spoken at home, social background and gender, and syntactic context). We discuss our findings in the broader context of research on the learning of linguistic variation by: (a) Canadian learners of French as a second language (FSL), including our own previous research on these same students; and (b) second language (L2) learners of other languages. Finally, we touch on the sociopolitical and pedagogical implications of our findings.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it