Detection of mercury in the kidney via source‐excited x‐ray fluorescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Non‐invasive detection of kidney Hg in vivo is important in order to prevent detrimental health effects in occupationally exposed persons. In this study, preliminary results of a 109 Cd source‐based x‐ray fluorescence system for the detection of Hg in the kidney are presented. The system includes a single 50 mm diameter HPGe detector with a 109 Cd source mounted on the detector face for backscatter measurement geometry. A detection limit of 3.9 ppm was obtained during a bare kidney phantom feasibility study. In order to simulate an in vivo measurement, kidney phantoms were also placed inside a water tank representing the torso. The detection limit was 5.0 ppm at 1 cm phantom depth, as measured to the phantom boundary. As expected, Hg sensitivity decreased with kidney depth owing to the attenuation of incident 109 Cd γ‐rays and emitted characteristic Hg K x‐rays, so that at a phantom depth of 4 cm the detection limit was 44 ppm. Further improvements to the detection limit will allow future in vivo kidney Hg measurements of chronically exposed workers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".