Mass spectrometric analysis of protein phosphorylation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins in eukaryotic cells; it plays an important role in a wide spectrum of biological processes. This makes its study an important task for understanding cell functioning mechanisms. The aim of phosphoproteomics is a global mass spectral analysis of the phosphoprotein composition of cells, i.e., phosphoproteome. Nowadays, new effective methods are actively developed, which succeed not only in the detection of phosphorylated proteins but also in the determination of phosphorylated amino acid residues (phosphorylation sites) and in the quantitative comparison of phosphorylation among several specimens. Despite the analysis of protein phosphorylation remains a complicated problem, the available methods nowadays allow the detection of thousands of phosphorylation sites in the very same experiment. The present review covers the main methods utilized in contemporary phosphoproteomics: phosphoprotein and phosphopeptides enrichment as well as the mass spectrometric analysis of protein phosphorylation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".