Combined Radiological Intervention and Surgical Excision of a Periorbital Arteriovenous Fistula
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of periorbital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) treated with a combined approach of endovascular intervention and surgical excision. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old lady presented with a vascular lump followed blunt trauma above the left medial brow area. Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) and Angiography of the internal and external carotid arteries showed presence of an AVF with main feeder vessel from a hypoplastic left ophthalmic artery. Pre-operative radiological embolization was performed but the patient defaulted planned surgery. She returned 4 months later complaining of pain and increased swelling of the lesion. Repeat CTA demonstrated residual shunt located below the supra-orbital rim medially supplied by the left supratrochlear artery. Excision was later performed without repeat embolization and was uncomplicated. Histological reported chronic inflammation with granulomatous foreign body giant cell reaction confirming pre-operative diagnosis of tissue reaction to glue cast. CONCLUSION: Treatments of Orbital AVFs are challenging and require multidisciplinary team management involving interventional radiologists and orbital surgeons. A foreign body reaction can develop followed embolization with tissue glue alone. Prompt surgical excision is therefore recommended to minimize post operation morbidity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it