Combined Radiological Intervention and Surgical Excision of a Periorbital Arteriovenous Fistula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of periorbital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) treated with a combined approach of endovascular intervention and surgical excision. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old lady presented with a vascular lump followed blunt trauma above the left medial brow area. Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) and Angiography of the internal and external carotid arteries showed presence of an AVF with main feeder vessel from a hypoplastic left ophthalmic artery. Pre-operative radiological embolization was performed but the patient defaulted planned surgery. She returned 4 months later complaining of pain and increased swelling of the lesion. Repeat CTA demonstrated residual shunt located below the supra-orbital rim medially supplied by the left supratrochlear artery. Excision was later performed without repeat embolization and was uncomplicated. Histological reported chronic inflammation with granulomatous foreign body giant cell reaction confirming pre-operative diagnosis of tissue reaction to glue cast. CONCLUSION: Treatments of Orbital AVFs are challenging and require multidisciplinary team management involving interventional radiologists and orbital surgeons. A foreign body reaction can develop followed embolization with tissue glue alone. Prompt surgical excision is therefore recommended to minimize post operation morbidity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".