Vertically integrated numerical model to simulate breach formation by flow overtopping earth-filled dams: hydraulics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The simulation of earth-filled dam breach formation and the flood waves that are generated mainly involves three physical aspects: hydraulics, sediment transport, and slope stability. Herein, a numerical model capable of simulating the hydraulics of a flow overtopping an earth-filled dam is presented. The model is of the shallow-water type, obtained by the vertical integration of the incompressible free-surface Navier-Stokes equations, but without the usual assumptions of hydrostatic pressure and small slope. Different assumptions concerning velocity, pressure, and shear stress profiles are made in order to enhance the shallow water equations by including the geometrical effects (steep slopes), the dynamic pressure effects, and the shear-stress variation effects. Another important feature of the model is the capacity to capture flow regime changes (from sub-critical to super-critical and vice versa through a hydraulic jump) in a continuous way. A stabilized finite-element method is used to solve these equations and control the model. Results obtained for the simulation of overtopping flow are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".