Two new genera of pennellids (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida): Propeniculus and Pseudopeniculus, each with a new combination, Propeniculus trichiuri (Gnanamuthu, 1951) and Pseudopeniculus asinus (Kabata & Wilkes, 1977)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new genus, Propeniculus (Copepoda, Pennellidae), is established here to accommodate a pennellid originally described as Peniculus trichiuri Gnanamuthu, 1951, in the new combination, Propeniculus trichiuri (Gnanamuthu, 1951). Four other species of Peniculus (P. sciaenae Gnanamuthu, 1951; P. scomberi Gnanamuthu, 1951; P. stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1951; and P. theraponi Gnanamuthu, 1951) are considered junior synonyms of Propeniculus trichiuri. The habitus of the new genus is generally similar to that of Peniculus. It differs from that genus in that it has a prominent ventral swelling on its cephalothorax, a minute buccal cone, and in the absence of a proboscis. The labral plate is simple (whereas it is complex in Peniculus), and the posterior surface of the labium bears two groups of spinules (two pairs of scale-like plates are found in Peniculus). Sclerotized skeletal bars are present in the neck of the new genus, and these also occur in Metapeniculus but not in Peniculus. P. trichiuri lives on the fins of its hosts, which are marine fishes in the Indian Ocean (type locality), in Taiwanese as well as in Indonesian waters. Pseudopeniculus is erected to accommodate Peniculus asinus Kabata & Wilkes, 1977 as a new combination in Pseudopeniculus asinus (Kabata & Wilkes, 1977). In this case, the presence of two pairs of holdfasts on the cephalothorax, the type of labrum (simple), and the probable absence of labial armature, together with the type of intrabuccal stylet, bearing plumose setae, make P. asinus completely different from all other species of Peniculus. P. asinus also lives attached to the fins of its host, parasitizing Sebastes in North America (Oregon and Canada). A key is included for the identification of the genera.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".