Early Prediction of Increased Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Chronic Inflammation: A 15-year Followup Study of 108 Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether early markers of RA inflammatory disease activity could predict later increased levels of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), 2 measures of arterial stiffness. METHODS: In total 238 patients with early RA were followed longitudinally and 108 were available for the 15-year followup examination. Comprehensive baseline clinical and radiographic data were collected in 1992. Arterial stiffness, measured as AIx and PWV (Sphygmocor apparatus), was recorded at the 15-year followup. Adjusted logistic univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with levels of AIx and PWV as the dependent variables, and variables reflecting baseline RA disease activity as possible predictors. The validity of the final models was examined in linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) above the median predicted increased AIx (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.04-11.90) and PWV (OR 4.84, 95% CI 1.39-16.83) at the 15-year assessment in multivariate models. Patients with elevated baseline CRP had significantly higher AIx (ß = 2.67, 95% CI 0.06-5.31, p = 0.045) and lnPWV (ß = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.14, p = 0.02) after 15 years, after adjustments for age, sex, heart rate (AIx only) and mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION: Inflammation early in the RA disease course was associated with increased AIx and PWV after 15 years. These findings support the importance of early control of the inflammatory process in patients with RA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".