Ultrasound‐facilitated particle breakage: Estimation of kinetic parameters using population balance modelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ultrasound‐facilitated particle breakage has been proven to be a good technique for size reduction. However, because of the difficulties associated with the solution of population balance equation (PBE), there has been little attention on the estimation of kinetics of this process. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a generic approach for solving PBE with a given particle size distribution (PSD) data to estimate the breakage kinetics. For this purpose, discretization technique along with gPROMS parameter estimation tool was used. This method was found to be a comprehensive method for the estimation of breakage kinetics in general and was subsequently used for the estimation of ultrasound‐facilitated breakage kinetics, using a simple model system. Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) particles suspended in toluene was used as model system, and the effect of induced power on breakage strength was studied. The data obtained were used for the estimation of specific breakage rate with different particle size distribution function. The distribution function, for which simulated PSD was found to match with the experimental PSD, was considered for deriving energy‐size reduction law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".