Bibliographic record
Abstract
The breeding behaviour of black-winged stilts (Himantopus himantopus) was studied in southwestern Spain. In the prelaying period males devoted more time than females to agonistic encounters, locomotion, and nest building. During egg laying, males spent more time than females at the nest, mostly building the nest and covering the eggs, while females spent more time foraging than males. During late incubation, females spent significantly more time at the nest than males. These results suggest very similar parental investment by the sexes. During part of the female's fertile period, males stayed at the nest while females were foraging, which precluded efficient mate guarding. However, females were reluctant to engage in extra-pair copulations, being always very aggressive towards conspecifics except for their mates. Even in two cases of extra-pair copulation, the first described for this species, the female continuously attacked the intrusive male and did not cooperate in copulation. Male parental care seems to be essential for reproductive success and females are probably faithful in order to assure male parental investment. The need for parental care from both males and females would maintain social, and perhaps also genetic, monogamy in this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".