Pulsed Field Gradient NMR Study of the Effect of Charge and Hydrophobicity on Diffusion in the Supramolecular Structure of Wet Cotton
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the effect of charge and hydrophobicity on translational diffusion in cellulose fibers, PFG NMR experiments are reported on H 2 O, methanol, pentanol, sodium methyl sulfonate and tetra-methylammonium chloride in wet cotton fibers. The results are analysed in terms of a 2-site exchange model (water/cotton) taking into account the different regions within cotton. For methanol, sodium, methyl sulfonate and tetramethylammonium chloride, free-diffusion within the cellulose nano-pores of cotton is observed, with diffusion coefficients 3.3, 7.3 and 10.8% lower than their bulk solution values, respectively. Internal exchange from the micron sized solvent pools between the growth rings of the fiber and the nano-pores within the cellulose structure takes approximately 10 ms for these 3 probes, which is much faster than exchange with the bulk solvent surrounding the fiber. Charge has little observable effect on the behaviour, except to slow the exchange of probes between the fiber and the bulk solution. For pentanol and water the micron sized solvent pools are observed as cages, indicating much slower internal exchange and is assigned to exclusion of the hydrophobic pentanol from the hydrophilic nano-pores and strong hydrogen bonding effects respectively. Accessible volumes in cotton are extracted from the data, which are in agreement with literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".