<i>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS</i>FERMENTATION OF WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER SLUDGE – PRESENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITINASES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of chitinases in Bacillus thuringiensis ssp kurstaki HD-1 (Bt) fermented broths of wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed); starch industry wastewater and soyameal. Chitinase activity was absent in soyameal and present in others. Chitinase demonstrated peaks at pH 4.0 and temperatures 40 and 50 degrees C with higher activity between pH 4-5 and 10-11. The chitinase band on SDS-PAGE was found to be between 36 and 45 kDa for non-hydrolyzed (NH) and hydrolyzed sludge (TH) and starch industry wastewater. The chitinase profile during fermentation showed peaks at 15 and 30 h for non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed sludge and 15 and 24 h for starch industry wastewater. Chitinase retained 96-99 % activity after two weeks incubation at room temperature and pH 4. Bioassays with supplementation of Bt chitinases showed 1.2 fold increase in entomotoxicity of wastewater sludge and a small increase in starch industry wastewater. This study sheds light on production of Bt chitinases in alternative media which will have a long term effect on entomotoxicity of these formulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".