Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letters7 February 2006Savings from Canadian Internet Pharmacies Are LimitedMichael Rothberg, MDMichael Rothberg, MDFrom Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After comparing prices at American and Canadian Internet pharmacies, Quon and colleagues (1) concluded that “Americans purchasing brand-name medications from Canadian Internet pharmacies can realize substantial savings.” Although this is undoubtedly true for a few individuals, it does not address the needs of the two thirds of Americans who feel drug prices are unreasonably high. As the authors point out, reimportation accounts for less than 1% of the U.S. market; however, even this small amount has led to rapidly rising prices at Canadian pharmacies over a 6-month period.The companies that manufacture the drugs would rather cut ...References1. Quon BS, Firszt R, Eisenberg MJ. A comparison of brand-name drug prices between Canadian-based Internet pharmacies and major U.S. drug chain pharmacies. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:397-403. [PMID: 16172438] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lauerman J. Merck shuts off Canadian pharmacies selling to U.S. Accessed at www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000082&sid=ai9RdezyHWRE&refer=canada on 7 October 2005. Google Scholar3. Rowland C. Canada looks to curb drug exports: nation preparing to protect supply. Accessed at www.boston.com/business/articles/2005/06/30/canada_looks_to_curb_drug_exports/ on 2 January 2006. Google Scholar4. Sales MM, Cunningham FE, Glassman PA, Valentino MA, Good CB. Pharmacy benefits management in the Veterans Health Administration: 1995 to 2003. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11:104-12. [PMID: 15726858] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Comparison of Brand-Name Drug Prices between Canadian-Based Internet Pharmacies and Major U.S. Drug Chain Pharmacies Bradley S. Quon , Rafael Firszt , and Mark J. Eisenberg Savings from Canadian Internet Pharmacies Are Limited Mark J. Eisenberg , Rafael Firszt , and Bradley Quon Metrics 7 February 2006Volume 144, Issue 3Page: 224KeywordsConflicts of interestDrug pricesDrugsInternetLegislationMedicare ePublished: 7 February 2006 Issue Published: 7 February 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.572 | 0.257 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".