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Record W2087933015 · doi:10.1080/714856826

MECHANISMS OF REDUCTION OF IRON ORE/COAL AGGLOMERATES AND SCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN RHF OPERATIONS

2003· article· en· W2087933015 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueMineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicIron and Steelmaking Processes
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAgglomerateIron oreCoalReduction (mathematics)LimitingEnvironmental scienceHearthCarbon fibersIron oxideWaste managementProcess engineeringDirect reduced ironMaterials scienceMetallurgyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Laboratory studies of chemical kinetics and heat transfer in the reduction of iron ore/carbon (coal) mixtures in various forms are reviewed. Therefore, the rate-limiting steps, which are of critical importance in process development, may be identified or suggested for a given set of conditions. Commercial operations using rotary hearth furnace (RHF) for the reduction of iron ore and waste oxide recycling by heating chemically self-sufficient agglomerates and related technical issues will be reviewed and discussed. The development of the next generation of processes based on ore/coal agglomerates, which would have very significant economical and environmental advantages, will be presented and discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.666
Threshold uncertainty score0.493

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.280
Teacher spread0.258 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it