Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fine details of pollen grains in Saururaceae have, until now, been relatively obscure and incomplete. The recent discovery of fossil saururaceous pollen led us to examine the six extant and one fossil species of Saururaceae for details of pollen morphology and ultrastructure. Pollen grains of Saururaceae are characterized as small to minute, boat‐shaped‐elliptic to globose, monosulcate with granulate sculpturing of the aperture membrane, with a punctate tectum. Pollen grains of Houttuynia are the largest. While pollen grains of Anemopsis, Houttuynia, and Saururus have papillae bordering the puncta, those of Gymnotheca are distinctive in lacking such papillae. Similarly, all genera have a smooth tectum, except for Gymnotheca, which has microstriate tectal sculpturing. Pollen grains of Gymnotheca and the fossil have a well‐defined columellar infratectum, while in modern Saururus, Anemopsis and Houttuynia the columellae are irregular in section. Endexine is clearly present in all taxa. This study is the first to characterize pollen from all the species in Saururaceae, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Such knowledge will help recognize fossil pollen of Saururaceae, a family with a poor palynological record.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".