Estimation of Interval Velocity and Attenuation Anisotropy from Reflection Data at the Coronation Field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attenuation can be extremely valuable in characterizing gas accumulations in shales and sands. In fractured reservoirs, anisotropy can provide additional information about the distribution of fractures. Here, we apply a layer-stripping approach to wide-azimuth P-wave data acquired over a gas reservoir in the Coronation Field, Alberta. The main processing steps involve estimation of traveltimes from the top and bottom of the target layer followed by computation of the interval NMO velocity and attenuation coefficients using velocity-independent layer stripping and the spectral-ratio method. The vertical attenuation coefficient shows a reasonable correlation with existing gas-producing well locations, and, therefore, serves as an indicator of gas accumulation in pore space. Based on the attenuation information, we conclude that the lower half of the survey area has significant gas reserves. In these areas, the estimated azimuthal velocity anisotropy can be used to plan horizontal wells oriented orthogonal to the fracture direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".