Correction: Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Newborn Rat Lung
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: The molecular mechanism(s) by which mechanical ventilation disrupts alveolar development, a hallmark of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is unknown.Objective: To determine the effect of 24 h of mechanical ventilation on lung cell cycle regulators, cell proliferation and alveolar formation in newborn rats.Methods: Seven-day old rats were ventilated with room air for 8, 12 and 24 h using relatively moderate tidal volumes (8.5 mL.kg 21 ).Measurement and Main Results: Ventilation for 24 h (h) decreased the number of elastin-positive secondary crests and increased the mean linear intercept, indicating arrest of alveolar development.Proliferation (assessed by BrdU incorporation) was halved after 12 h of ventilation and completely arrested after 24 h.Cyclin D1 and E1 mRNA and protein levels were decreased after 8-24 h of ventilation, while that of p27 Kip1 was significantly increased.Mechanical ventilation for 24 h also increased levels of p57 Kip2 , decreased that of p16 INK4a , while the levels of p21 Waf/Cip1 and p15 INK4b were unchanged.Increased p27 Kip1 expression coincided with reduced phosphorylation of p27 Kip1 at Thr 157 , Thr 187 and Thr 198 (p,0.05),thereby promoting its nuclear localization.Similar -but more rapid-changes in cell cycle regulators were noted when 7-day rats were ventilated with high tidal volume (40 mL.kg 21 ) and when fetal lung epithelial cells were subjected to a continuous (17% elongation) cyclic stretch.Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that prolonged (24 h) of mechanical ventilation causes cell cycle arrest in newborn rat lungs; the arrest occurs in G 1 and is caused by increased expression and nuclear localization of Cdk inhibitor proteins (p27 Kip1 , p57 Kip2 ) from the Kip family.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.064 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".