Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traditional unsymmetrical vertical curves consist of two parabolic arcs smoothly connected at the point of common curvature. A new single-arc unsymmetrical vertical curve that takes the form of a cubic instead of parabolic function has been recently developed. The curve has a rate of change in grade that gradually varies between the start and end of the vertical curve. The single-arc curve eliminates the sudden change that exists in curvature of traditional two-arc unsymmetrical vertical curves. This paper first develops the sight distance (SD) relationships for the new single-arc curve (crest type). With these relationships, the SD profile for the new curve is established and its shape shows a substantial improvement over the abrupt-type SD profiles of the two-arc curves. The length requirements that satisfy stopping, passing, and decision SD guidelines of AASHTO are then presented. Some examples are used to illustrate the use of the developed design aids. The new single-arc curve builds on previously developed unsymmetrical vertical curves to improve curve characteristics that hopefully will promote road safety.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".