A Common Beta Tubulin Isotype-1 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as a Tool for Detection and Quantitation of Anthelmintic Resistant Haemonchus contortus in Grazing Goats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus, a gastrointestinal parasite costs the global small ruminant industry massive production loss and drug costs per annum. In Haemonchus contortus, one of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at codon 200 of the beta tubulin isotype-1 gene (TTC to TAC), renders this nematode resistant to benzimidazole based anthelmintics. Goats infected with such strains are resistant to benzimidazole based anthelmintics. We used this well established SNP as a diagnostic tool to detect and quantify resistant Haemonchus contortus in grazing goats. Spanish goats had 28% higher (P<0.05) amounts of both benzimidazole sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus in stool than Myotonic goats. Bucks also had 25% higher (P<0.05) of both sensitive and resistant strains than Does. These data demonstrate that this SNP can be used as a diagnostic tool for detection and quantitation of Haemonchus contortus in the stool of grazing goats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".