Novel Catalyst for Cracking of Biomass Tar
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cracking of biomass tar was investigated over Ni/dolomite catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method using modified dolomite as precursor. Modified dolomite was prepared by mixing Fe 2 O 3 powders with natural dolomite powders to increase Fe 2 O 3 content for higher activity of tar cracking. Four other catalysts (natural dolomite, modified dolomite, ICI-46-1, and Z409) were tested and compared with Ni/dolomite catalyst. The effects of temperature, steam-to-carbon, and space velocity on tar conversion were explored. Ni/dolomite is shown to be very active and useful for tar removal. A 97% tar removal is easily obtained at catalyst temperature of 750 °C and space velocities of 12 000 h - 1 . The minimum S / C ratio for Ni/dolomite was 2.5 at a catalyst temperature of 750 °C to prevent the formation of the coke on the catalyst. No obvious deactivation of catalyst was observed in 60 h on-stream tests. Compared with the Ni-based catalysts (ICI-46-1, Z409), Ni/dolomite catalyst is cheap and has also excellent activity and anticoke ability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it