Large Holocene landslides from Pylon Peak, southwestern British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mount Meager massif, the northernmost volcano of the Cascade volcanic belt, has been the site of very large (>10 7 m 3 ) landslides in the Holocene Epoch. We document two complex landslides at Pylon Peak, one of the peaks of the Mount Meager massif, about 7900 14 C and 3900 14 C years ago (about 8700 and 4400 calendar years ago). Together, the two landslides displaced ~ 6 × 10 8 m 3 of volcanic rock from the south flank of Pylon Peak into nearby Meager Creek valley. Each landslide consisted of at least two phases, an early debris flow resulting from failure of hydrothermally altered pyroclastic rock at mid levels on the mountain and a later rock avalanche from a higher source. Both debris flows likely traveled down Meager Creek, and preliminary evidence from drilling indicates the 4400-year-old event traveled down Lillooet River into areas that are now settled and where population density is increasing rapidly. The mobility of the debris flows was due to the high content of fine, weathered volcanic sediment and the availability of sufficient water. The causes of the landslides are a wet climate and the presence of weak, hydrothermally altered volcanic rock containing abundant phreatic water on glacially oversteepened slopes. The landslides may have been triggered by earthquakes or by upwelling of magma to shallow depths within the volcano. However, they may also have occurred without specific triggers following extended periods of progressive weakening of the volcanic rocks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".