Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis method in which both the nonlinear rotational behaviour of beam-to-column connections and second-order (P-Δ and P-δ) effects of beam-column members are explicitly taken into account. By adopting the concept of an end-fixity factor, the proposed method is comprehensive regardless of the end rotational conditions of beam-column members and applies to frames with any combination of pinned, semirigid and rigid beam-to-column connections. In addition, the end-fixity factor simplifies the analysis procedure for semirigid frames. More importantly, the end-fixity factor may be valuable to the design of such structures because it provides a physical interpretation of the extent of rigidity available in a connection. Thus, it provides a convenient way for designers to compare the structural responses of a semirigid member to that of a rigid one. Examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach. With only minor modifications, the proposed method is readily implemented in existing rigid frame analysis and design computer programs.Key words: steel frame, semirigid connection, second-order analysis, P-Δ effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".