Conception to Harmonization: Barriers in International Competitiveness Research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International competitiveness as per WCR is the ability of a country or a company to proportionally generate more wealth than its competition in the world market. The Davos World Economic Forum since 1981 has been creating the best known competitive indexes in the World Competitive Report (WCR). This paper has focused on problems that exist in trying to produce statistics, competitive indexes including ranking for Atlantic Canada that could allow the region to be compound with state jurisdiction in US and with a number of countries and territories around the world. While intent was to classify and describe these problems, some observations on statistics and their harmonization can be made.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.051 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.090 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.026 | 0.032 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".