Effect of gas impurities on the behavior of Ni-based oxygen carriers on chemical-looping combustion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a two-step gas combustion process that produces a pure CO2 stream, ready for compression and sequestration. A solid oxygen carrier (OC) circulates between two reactors and transports oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel. Since the fuel is not mixed with air, the subsequent CO2 separation process is not necessary. A key aspect in CLC process using refinery and industrial gases is to know the behavior of the oxygen carriers under real gas mixtures that contain impurities as for example, sulfur and light hydrocarbons. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of these impurities on the behavior of a Nickel-based oxygen carrier prepared by dry impregnation on α-Al2O3. The tests were carried out in a continuous 500 Wth CLC plant. Based on these results, important conclusions with respect to design of CLC plants are derived, which can help to the development of this technology in the near future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".