Effect of pre‐oxidation on coke formation and metal dusting of electroplated Ni<sub>3</sub>Al–CeO<sub>2</sub>‐based coatings in CO–H<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Pre‐oxidation was introduced to improve the resistance of electroplated pure, 5 µm CeO2‐dispersed, and 9–15 nm CeO2‐dispersed Ni3Al coatings to coke formation and metal dusting in 24.4%CO–73.3%H2–2.3%H2O at 650 °C. Coke formation and metal dusting of pre‐oxidized Ni3Al‐based coatings were retarded up to 200 h owing to a thin Al2O3 scale induced during pre‐oxidation. The long‐term effectiveness of pre‐oxidation nonetheless depended on the integrity of Al2O3 scale. The pure Ni3Al coating suffered severe spallation after pre‐oxidation and thereby showed the worst long‐term resistance. Two pre‐treated 9–15 nm CeO2‐dispersed Ni3Al coatings exhibited the best long‐term resistance to carbon attack because nano‐CeO2 particles maintained a full coverage of Al2O3 scale on the coatings. Two 5 µm CeO2‐dispersed Ni3Al coatings showed significant spallation after pre‐oxidation because of an overdoping effect and experienced coke formation and metal dusting during long‐term exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".