A sigma-delta modulator for digital hearing instruments using 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the design and implementation of a single-loop second-order CMOS sigma-delta modulator for digital audio hearing-aid applications. The modulator circuit features reduced complexity, area reduction and low conversion energy. It has a sampling rate of 8.2MHz with an over-sampling ratio (OSR) of 256 to provide an audio bandwidth of 16kHz. The modulator is implemented in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology with metal-to-metal sandwich structure capacitors. It operates with a supply voltage of 1.8V. The active area is 0.403 mm/sup 2/. The modulator achieves a 98dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and a 100dB dynamic range (DR) at a Nyquist conversion rate of 32kHz and consumes 1321 /spl mu/W with a joule/conversion figure of merit equal to 161x10/sup -12/J/s.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it