Back-calculating vibro-installation stresses in stone-column-reinforced soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of the vibro-installation of stone columns on the soil state of stress. Post-installation soil parameters and load-settlement records were utilised to back-calculate the ratio of horizontal to vertical soil stress, K*. The load-settlement records were taken from a full-scale field load test, carried out on a single column within an extended group of stone columns. A coupled non-linear finite element formulation was utilised to simulate the test steps and the relevant settlement rate criterion. Post-installation soil parameters were adopted in the simulation in order to account for any vibration- and/or displacement-induced changes in the soil properties. The investigation revealed that the vibro-installation of stone columns significantly alters the soil state of stress. A practical range for the post-installation lateral earth pressure ratio, K*, in the analysed case was deduced. Nous avons étudié les effets de la vibro-installation de colonnes de pierres sur l'état de contrainte du sol. Des paramètres de sol après installation et des données chargetassement ont é té utilisés pour rétro calculer le rapport entre la contrainte de sol horizontale et la contrainte de sol verticale, K*. Les données charge-tassement viennent d'un essai grandeur nature sur le terrain, chargement effectué sur une seule colonne dans un groupe étendu de colonnes de pierre. Nous avons utilisé une formulation couplée d'élément fini non linéaire pour simuler les é tapes du test et le critère de taux de tassement correspondant. Les paramètres de sol après installation ont é té adoptés dans la simulation afin de prendre en compte tout changement dans les propriétés du sol provoqué par la vibration et/ou le déplacement. L'étude a ré vélé que la vibro-installation de colonnes de pierre changeait de manière significative l'état de contrainte du sol. Nous en avons déduit une fourchette pratique pour le taux de pression terrestre latérale après installation, K*, dans le cas analysé
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".