Prolonged Survival of Microencapsulated Neonatal Porcine Islet Xenografts in Immune-Competent Mice without Antirejection Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that in vitro culture of islets prolonged islet graft survival in immune-competent mice without administration of antirejection drugs. However, we recently showed that in vitro cultured microencapsulated neonatal porcine islets (NPI) were rejected in immune-competent mice not receiving antirejection therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether culture of microencapsulated NPI in vivo could promote long-term survival of microencapsulated NPI in immune-competent mice without administration of antirejection drugs. Microencapsulated NPI that were cultured in vitro for 7 and 50 days or transplanted initially in immune-deficient C.B.-17 SCID-BEIGE mice for 100 days (in vivo cultured) were characterized and transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic immune-competent BALB/c mice. Day 50 in vitro cultured and day 100 in vivo cultured microencapsulated NPI showed significantly higher insulin and DNA content, indicating maturation of NPI compared to day 7 in vitro cultured microencapsulated NPI. Interestingly, in vivo cultured microencapsulated NPI expressed lower levels of porcine antigens compared to day 7 and day 50 in vitro cultured microencapsulated NPI. Transplantation of day 7 in vitro cultured microencapsulated NPI did not reverse diabetes in immune-competent BALB/c mouse recipients. In contrast, transplantation of day 50 in vitro cultured and in vivo cultured microencapsulated NPI into diabetic immune-competent BALB/c mice resulted in the immediate reversal of hyperglycemia within 2 days posttransplantation. However, all recipients of day 50 in vitro cultured microencapsulated NPI eventually rejected their grafts by day 15 posttransplantation, while 6 of 10 BALB/c mouse recipients of in vivo cultured microencapsulated NPI maintained normoglycemia for 100 days posttransplantation. These results show that in vivo culture of NPI in immune-deficient mice results in the modulation of NPI, which allows for their long-term survival in immune-competent mice without antirejection therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".