LATE PREHISTORIC CEREMONIAL TREATMENT OF A BISON SKULL IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the 2004 field season, a bison skull was excavated at the Crepeele site in southwestern Manitoba. The skull was in a supine position oriented along a proximal southwest to northeast axis. The bone was badly degraded and was transported back to the lab for careful exposure. It was found that only the horn cores, premaxilla, and the frontals were still intact. The most durable elements of the skull, the petrous bones, teeth and the occipital condyles had been removed, creating an open bowl defined by the remaining bone. As the soil was removed from the interior of the skull, a number of fired clay fragments were encountered and set aside. Upon examination it appeared that a shallow bowl of raw clay had been fired from within, at sufficient heat to bond with the surrounding sand matrix. The surrounding site matrix, and the material within the skull, were aeolian sands. It appears the clay had been introduced deliberately. The interior of the bowl was decorated with red ochre pigment using clusters of dots and other indeterminate shapes. While similar bison skull alignments have been noted elsewhere in the region, the fired and decorated clay bowl is unique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".