AKI - experimental models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Clinical studies have demonstrated the risk of chronic kidney disease after the occurrence of an acute kidney injury (AKI). Experimental works indicate that AKI result in incomplete repair, persistent tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), a secreted matrix-associated protein, has been found to be up-regulated in the kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) animal model. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Cyr61 in the kidney after IRI. Methods: Using mouse unilateral IRI model, we analyzed gene and protein expression of Cyr61. We further investigated the effect of blockade of Cyr61 in unilateral IRI mice by treating polyclonal anti-Cyr61 antibody or non-specific IgG. In addition, we used proximal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells for cell culture studies. Results: After IRI, kidney Cyr61 expression increased significantly in both mRNA and protein level. Immunofluorescence staining indicated Cyr61 was predominantly expressed in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. This was supported by in vitro studies showing hypoxia condition stimulate Cyr61 expression in NRK-52E cells. Daily treatment with anti-Cyr61 antibody produced a decrease in the renal type 1 collagen, PAI-1, MCP-1, and IL-1 gene expression, as well as -SMA protein production at day 14 after IRI. The degree of collagen fibril accumulation, evaluated by picrosirius red staining, and macrophage infiltration were both attenuated by the Cyr61 blockade on day 7 and 14. Concurrently, renal VEGF-A gene expression was enhanced and vessel density was more preserved at day 14 in the treatment group. Conclusions: Renal Cyr61 expression by tubular epithelial cells is enhanced after IRI. Our findings suggest that Cyr61 contributes to the renal inflammation, vascular rarefaction, and fibrosis after ischemic AKI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".