An Inviting Parish: Community without Propinquity in Postwar Italian Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Religious association and social practices in Toronto's Little Italy changed dramatically in the second half of the twentieth century. Previously a site of local, neighbourhood life, Toronto's oldest surviving Italian parish issued an invitation to geographic outsiders, drawing Italians into a shared ethnic space. Italian ethnics from the rest of the city, elsewhere in southern Ontario, and beyond gathered in postwar Little Italy, forging intimate social bonds across great distances. Responding to the political, social, and economic development of Toronto, postwar Italian ethnics built a community that did not depend on locality. Italian experience in Toronto illustrates that Catholic parishes and ethnic communities take shape within particular historical contexts, and suggests that Canadian social historians can make a distinctive contribution to international discussions of postwar cities. Dans l'article, on explique que les fr�quentations religieuses et les usages sociaux ont grandement �volu� dans la Petite Italie de Toronto durant la deuxi�me moiti� du XXe si�cle. Auparavant un lieu de vie de quartier et de voisinage, la plus ancienne paroisse italienne encore en activit� � Toronto a lanc� une invitation aux personnes de l'ext�rieur, rassemblant ainsi les Italiens dans un espace ethnique commun. Les autres communaut�s italiennes de la ville, du sud de l'Ontario et d'ailleurs se sont r�unies dans la Petite Italie d'apr�s-guerre pour forger des liens sociaux intimes malgr� les grandes distances qui les s�parent. En r�ponse au d�veloppement �conomique, social et politique de Toronto, les Italiens ont b�ti une communaut� non ax�e sur l'appartenance locale. L'exp�rience des Italiens � Toronto r�v�le que les paroisses catholiques et les communaut�s ethniques se forment dans des contextes historiques particuliers, ce qui sugg�re que les historiens sociaux du Canada soient en mesure d'apporter une contribution distincte lors des discussions internationales sur les villes de l'apr�s-guerre.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".