Verifiable Memories of Historical Events in the Malay Classical Literary Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are many texts of the classical Malay literature available for this study. Among the oldest are believed tobe Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai and the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annal) by Tun Sri Lanang. There are also HikayatHang Tuah, Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Hikayat Patani and Misa Melayu. Scholars in the past havedismissed the contents of the books as myths and legends. But scholars such as O.W. Wolters and a few otherswho studied some of those texts such as the Sejarah Melayu and Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa believe that theycontain verifiable happenings. Stories such as Raja Suran (Malay Annal), Sri Tri Buana, Demang Lebar Daunand Merong Maha Wangsa are not myths or legends but representative of personalities that really existed duringcertain periods of the Malay history. Hikayat Hang Tuah especially, stresses the importance of the relationshipsbetween Melaka and China and India. Those foreign policies practiced by Malay rulers in the past as told in theRaja Suran adventure was the Cola king who left the dated 1025AD Tanjore Inscription and who had belligerentrelationship with the king of Srivijaya. Sri Tri Buana was his descendent, the incident on the Bukit SeguntangMaha Meru can be interpreted as the Avalokitesvara’s world. The allegiance given by Demang Lebar Daun thathe and his descendents (rakyat/people) will not go against Sri Tri Buana (ruler) as long as the ruler remains“just“ which reminds us of the Telaga Batu Inscription of Palembang which inscribes about the consequences ofbeing disloyal to the king. Also, the story about Merong Maha Wangsa who liked to drink blood can be equatedwith the practices in Bhairava Cult practiced by King Adityavarman in Sumatera and also by Kedah’s kings inthe 12th/13th C.A.D. The most important issue which can be elucidated from the classical Malay literary sourcesis the foreign policy of the Malay rulers. They established trade and political relationships with India and Chinabecause India and China were the most powerful nations in the world at that time, politically and economically.In this 21st century, the world recognizes the fact that these two nations will become great economic power againto challenge Europe and United States of America. Therefore, the memories of the past will become the mirrorof the future. The world will clamor for the hands of friendship of those two countries. Southeast Asia willdefinitely face a bright future.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".