Cortical processing of audiovisual speech perception in infancy and adulthood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to detect auditory-visual correspondence in speech is an early hallmark of typical language development. Infants are able to detect audiovisual mismatches for spoken vowels such as /a/ and /i/ as early as 4 months of age. While adult event-related potential (ERP) data have shown an N300 associated with the detection of audiovisual incongruency in speech, it remains unclear whether similar responses can be elicited in infants. The present study collected ERP data in congruent and incongruent audiovisual presentation conditions for /a/ and /i/ from 21 typically developing infants (6~11 month of age) and 12 normal adults (18~45 years). The adult data replicated the N300 in the parietal electrode sites for detecting audiovisual incongruency in speech, and minimum norm estimation (MNE) showed the primary neural generator in the left superior temporal cortex for the N300. Unlike the adults, the infants showed a later N400 response in the centro-frontal electrode sites, and scalp topography as well as MNE results indicated bilateral activation in the temporal cortex with right-hemisphere dominance. Together, these data indicate important developmental changes in the timing and hemispheric laterality patterns for detecting audiovisual correspondence in speech.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".