Ambient Sulphur Dioxide and Female ED Visits for Migraine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ambient sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) concentrations may affect the number of female emergency department (ED) visits for migraine. ED visits diagnosed as migraine among females in two cities in Canada, Toronto (N = 704) and Ottawa (N = 3, 358), were analyzed. In the study case-crossover design was used. Conditional logistic regression was realized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relative to an increase in an interquartile range (IQR, in Toronto IQR = 2.9 ppb, in Ottawa IQR = 3.9 ppb) of sulphur dioxide. In the constructed conditional logistic regression models, temperature and relative humidity were adjusted in the form of natural splines. In Toronto positive and statistically significant associations of sulphur dioxide with migraine ED visits were obtained: all ages, OR = 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08); age group [15, 50], OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09). In Ottawa positive correlations were observed: all ages, OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.13); age group [15, 50], OR = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.15). The results suggest that female migraine may be affected by ambient sulphur dioxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".