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Record W2089947776 · doi:10.1081/drt-120003770

THERMAL DEWATERING OF DILUTED ORGANIC SUSPENSIONS: PROCESS MECHANISM AND DRYING KINETICS

2002· article· en· W2089947776 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueDrying Technology · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicFood Drying and Modeling
Canadian institutionsNatural Resources Canada
FundersUniversity of Otago
KeywordsDewateringBoilingMaterials scienceRheologyMoistureKineticsBoiling pointChemistryChemical engineeringComposite materialGeotechnical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Drying of raw hog manure, a highly diluted suspension of organic and inorganic matter was studied experimentally in the multistage screw-in-trough dryer. Laboratory tests included material characteristics (rheological properties, thermodynamic equilibrium, critical settling point), boiling pattern, and kinetics of convective drying at temperatures from 90 to 120°C and air velocity from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s. Three phases of manure drying were identified, namely boiling and release of volatile compounds, evaporation from viscous liquid, followed by drying of a soft paste, and finish drying of semi-dry granular product. Drying kinetics were quantified in terms of reduced moisture content and a generalized drying curve using the characteristic drying time concept. Field tests were carried out in the pilot multistage screw-in-trough dryer to validate design calculations.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.027
Threshold uncertainty score0.249

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.202
Teacher spread0.180 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it