OC024: The role of early fetal echocardiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of a fetal cardiac examination prior to 16 weeks' gestation (defined by satisfactory visualization of four cardiac chambers with outflow tracts) and to report the detection rate of cardiac anomalies at the time of the early cardiac ultrasound. This is a combined retrospective and prospective study of 160 early fetal echocardiograms. All studies were performed transabdominally with transvaginal ultrasound done when satisfactory views could not be obtained transabdominally. The mean gestational age was 13.5 weeks' gestation (range 11 to 15 + 6). In 60 (37.5%) cases, transvaginal ultrasound was performed. The satisfactory visualisation of cardiac anatomy was recorded. All women had a repeat cardiac ultrasound at 18 weeks' gestation. In all cases the four chamber view was obtained and ventricular function assessed. The tricuspid and mitral valves were seen in 154 (96%) cases. Ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery was visualized in 152 cases (95%), although the branch pulmonary arteries were only identified in 90 (56%). The pulmonary veins were seen in 30 cases (19%). The aortic and ductal arches were identified in 72 cases (45%) and the IVC/SVC visualized in 12 cases (76%). Overall a satisfactory cardiac examination was feasible in 152 of cases (95%). There were 20 cardiac defects in this cohort (12.5%), 14 showed abnormalities at the time of the early ultrasound and 6 were reported as normal at the early fetal echocardiogram. The six defects that were missed were; transposition of the great arteries (n = 2), VSD (n = 2) and one case with both dysplastic mitral and tricuspid valves. The detection rate of cardiac defects prior to 16 weeks' gestation was thus 14/20 (70%). The fetal heart can be examined early in pregnancy and a significant proportion of major cardiac defects identified.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".