Characterization of a Multifunctional <i>Monascus</i> Isolate NTU 568 with High Azaphilone Pigments Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red mold rice is aerobic fungal grown rice on which Monascus sp. has been grown. NTU 568 strain was isolated from red mold rice by our laboratory. In our previous study, strain NTU 568 showed several bioactive functions of reducing blood serum lipid, relaying an anti-fatigue response, decreasing amyloid β peptide accumulation, and possibly preventing obesity. This research focused on the identification of strain NTU 568. The aim of this paper is to understand the taxonomic position of strain NTU 568 among other important Monascus spp. The morphological observations, which include colonies size, ascospores size, and the partial sequences of ribosomal RNA genes-the internal transcribed spacer 1/2 (ITS1/2), 5.8S/18S ribosomal RNA gene, polyketide biosynthesis gene and β-tubulin gene, were applied to identify the strain NTU 568. Comparisons of partial nucleotide sequences, morphology, and azaphilone pigment contents with the strains from different species (Monascus purpureus, Monascus ruber, and Monascus pilosus) were performed. The DNA sequences data indicated that strain NTU 568 was similar to BCRC 31615 (Monascus purpureus) obtained from the Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI). The contents of monascin (7060.8 mg/kg) and ankaflavin (6836.2 mg/kg) of red mold dioscorea by strain NTU 568 were higher than Monascus-grown products by different strains. The morphological observations, DNA sequences data, and secondary metabolite contents indicated that strain NTU 568 and BCRC 31615 were the same species, belonging to Monascus purpureus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".