Effects of Excessive Fructose Intake on Health
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letters19 June 2012Effects of Excessive Fructose Intake on HealthJohn L. Sievenpiper, MD, PhD, Russell J. de Souza, ScD, RD, and David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DScJohn L. Sievenpiper, MD, PhDFrom McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada.Search for more papers by this author, Russell J. de Souza, ScD, RDFrom McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada.Search for more papers by this author, and David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DScFrom McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Johnson and colleagues for their comments. Their concern was that people may infer from our data that fructose intake does not promote weight gain. On the contrary, in hypercaloric trials, extreme fructose doses providing excess energy did promote weight gain despite short follow-up; however, energy was a more important factor than substrate. The weight gain was similar to that predicted from excess energy alone. We also found no effect on body weight under the same conditions of excess energy except where the comparisons were isocalorically matched. The level of energy control was unlikely to play ...References1. Sievenpiper JL, Carleton AJ, Chatha S, Jiang HY, de Souza RJ, Beyene J, et al. Heterogeneous effects of fructose on blood lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental trials in humans. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1930-7. [PMID: 19592634] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Ha V, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, Wang DD, Cozma AI, et al. Effect of fructose on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Hypertension. 2012;59:787-95. [PMID: 22331380] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Wang DD, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Cozma AI, et al. The effects of fructose intake on serum uric acid vary among controlled dietary trials. J Nutr. 2012;142:916-23. [PMID: 22457397] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Wang DD, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: a meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials, Diabetes Care. 2012. [Forthcoming]. Google Scholar5. Livesey G, Taylor R. Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1419-37. [PMID: 18996880] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John L. Sievenpiper, MD, PhD; Russell J. de Souza, ScD, RD; David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DScAffiliations: From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-1669. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Fructose on Body Weight in Controlled Feeding Trials John L. Sievenpiper , Russell J. de Souza , Arash Mirrahimi , Matthew E. Yu , Amanda J. Carleton , Joseph Beyene , Laura Chiavaroli , Marco Di Buono , Alexandra L. Jenkins , Lawrence A. Leiter , Thomas M.S. Wolever , Cyril W.C. Kendall , and David J.A. Jenkins Effects of Excessive Fructose Intake on Health Richard J. Johnson , Miguel A. Lanaspa , Carlos Roncal-Jimenez , and Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada Metrics 19 June 2012Volume 156, Issue 12Page: 905-906KeywordsBlood pressureBody weightFatty liverFructosesInsulin resistanceLipidsSucroseSystematic reviewsUric acidWeight gain ePublished: 19 June 2012 Issue Published: 19 June 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.056 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".