Vitamin E does not slow the progression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E suppresses the development of atherosclerosis but does not regress established hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether vitamin E slows the progression of established atherosclerosis, and whether this effect is associated with reductions in serum lipids and oxidative stress. METHODS: THE PRESENT STUDY WAS PERFORMED IN FOUR GROUPS OF RABBITS: group I, regular diet (control); group II, 0.25% cholesterol diet (two months); group III, 0.25% cholesterol diet (four months); and group IV, 0.25% cholesterol diet (two months) followed by 0.25% cholesterol and vitamin E (two months). Serum lipids and the chemiluminescent activity of white blood cells (WBC-CL), a measure of oxygen radical production by white blood cells, were measured before and at monthly intervals for the duration of the study. Aortas were removed at the end of the protocol for assessment of atherosclerosis and the chemiluminescent activity of aortic tissue (aortic-CL), a measure of antioxidant reserve. RESULTS: Atherosclerosis was associated with hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, indicated by increased nonactivated WBC-CL and alteration of the aortic-CL. Significant areas of the intimal surfaces of the aortas from group II (26.54%±4.11%), group III (69.37%±5.34%) and group IV (65.96%±7.86%) were covered with atherosclerotic lesions. Vitamin E did not alter serum lipids, aortic antioxidant reserve or WBC-CL. Vitamin E was ineffective in slowing the progression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E did not slow the progression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis, and this effect was associated with its ineffectiveness in reducing serum lipids and oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".