Hydrogen bonding of excited states in supramolecular host–guest inclusion complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Host-guest inclusion complexes represent an important type of supramolecular structure, one which finds widespread applications in diverse areas including separations science, the food industry, molecular sensors and optical devices. There are several driving forces for the formation of such inclusion complexes in solution; one of the most important is hydrogen bonding between the guest and host molecules. The nature or strength of the hydrogen bonding may change upon electronic excitation of the guest, for example during fluorescence studies or when the inclusion complex is used as an optical sensor. In this Perspective article, the impact of hydrogen bonding between excited state guests and their hosts is examined in detail, in terms of the impact on the formation and stability of such excited state complexes, the effects on guest fluorescence, changes in the stability of ground state guest complexes upon electronic excitation, the application of inclusion complexes as fluorescent sensors and materials, and the use of fluorescence spectroscopy for their study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".